For several years, European industry has been grappling with a significant rise in energy costs, severely impacting its competitiveness on the global stage. In contrast, the United States benefits from much lower energy prices, giving its industries a clear competitive edge. This article explores the disparities in energy costs between Europe and the U.S., examines the root causes behind these differences, and suggests simple ways to improve Europe’s energy competitiveness.
Energy prices in Europe are significantly higher than in the U.S. According to Fatih Birol, Executive Director of the International Energy Agency (IEA), published on December 10, 2024, in the French newspaper Le Figaro, “the price of natural gas in Europe is five times higher than in the United States, and electricity prices in Europe are three times higher than in China.” This situation is a major burden for European industries, particularly energy-intensive sectors such as steel, petrochemicals, and aluminium, which struggle to compete with their American and Chinese counterparts.
How can European manufacturers, particularly those for whom energy costs represent a significant share of their overall expenses, compete with other countries? “The European industry, or more precisely the manufacturing sector, is entering a decisive period that could have major consequences for the European economy, Europe’s weight in foreign affairs, and its security,” emphasized Dr. Birol.
When it comes to “clean technologies” (solar panels, wind power, batteries, electrolyzers), “Europe is significantly behind many other economic powers such as China, the United States, and, in some cases, even India and other countries,” explained the head of the OECD’s Energy Agency, also pointing out the EU’s difficulty in establishing a clear strategy, echoing the report by former Italian Prime Minister and former European Central Bank (ECB) President Mario Draghi on the decline in competitiveness of European industry.
According to the head of the IEA, Europe has made “three strategic mistakes” in the past: excessive dependence on Russian gas, neglect of nuclear energy, and abandoning the solar industry, which ultimately benefited China. “Today, China produces 80% of solar panels, whereas 20 years ago, France was the leader,” thanks to a subsidy policy.
As reported by the French newspaper Le Monde, on December 17, almost three years after the start of the war in Ukraine, the aftershocks of the gas crisis continue to ripple across Europe. Of course, the great fear of a blackout in 2022, when Russian President Vladimir Putin unilaterally cut off most of the gas supply, has faded. Today, reserves are well-stocked, and the risk of shortages is low. However, the initial panic has been replaced by a much deeper issue: the long-term erosion of Europe’s competitiveness.
Several factors explain the differences in energy costs between Europe and the United States:
Dependence on Energy Imports
Divergent Energy Policies
Taxes and Regulations
Soaring energy costs in Europe have multiple consequences:
Offshoring & Relocation:
Shrinking Profit Margins:
Loss of Market Share:
The energy cost gap between Europe and the United States presents a major challenge for European industrial competitiveness. To address it, Europe must take decisive action to diversify energy sources, reduce electricity taxation, invest in clean technologies, and improve energy efficiency. These steps will not only help lower costs but also reinforce Europe’s position in the global energy transition.
According to the French newspaper Libre Eco, published on February 26, 2025, the European Commission met to discuss strategies to ensure that European businesses have access to energy at an affordable price. “Europe’s dependence on imported fossil fuels is the main cause of this increase and the heightened price volatility. We need to bring prices down,” emphasized the President of the Commission, Ursula von der Leyen.
To reduce its disadvantage compared to the U.S., Europe could take several strategic actions:
Diversify Energy Sources:
Lower Electricity Taxes:
Enhance Energy Efficiency:
Strengthen European Coordination:
In the face of rising energy challenges, INCONCRETO Consulting can play a crucial role in helping companies optimise energy consumption, cut costs, and enhance their competitiveness. Here’s how:
Energy Cost Reduction Strategies
Guidance on Energy Transition
With a tailored strategic and operational approach, INCONCRETO Consulting helps European companies turn energy constraints into a competitive advantage.
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